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二、政策部署
Anti-Epidemic Guidelines and Arrangements
1. 成立中央应对疫情工作领导小组
2020年1月25日，中共中央政治局常委会召开专题会议，决定成立中央应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情工作领导小组(以下简称中央应对疫情工作领导小组)。
中央应对疫情工作领导小组是中共中央根据全国防控新冠肺炎疫情的紧迫需要成立的决策指挥机构，在中共中央政治局常委会领导下开展工作，旨在加强对全国疫情防控的统一领导、统一指挥。中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理李克强任领导小组组长，中共中央政治局常委王沪宁任副组长。
1月26日，李克强主持召开中央应对疫情工作领导小组首次会议。会议指出，当前正处于疫情防控关键期，各级党委政府要把思想和行动统一到习近平总书记重要讲话和中共中央政治局常委会会议精神上来，把疫情防控作为当前最重要的工作来抓，采取更果断、更有力有序、更科学周密的举措，有效遏制疫情蔓延。会议强调，要进一步加强湖北省和武汉市疫情防控，中央向湖北派出指导组，推动加强防控一线工作，同时调配全国资源，优先保障湖北省和武汉市急需的医护力量和医疗物资，确保生活必需品供应。
2月22日，中央应对疫情工作领导小组印发《关于全面落实进一步保护关心爱护医务人员若干措施的通知》，就进一步保护关心爱护医务人员提出十方面举措。截至2月24日，中央应对疫情工作领导小组先后召开11次会议研究部署疫情防控工作。
The Central Leading Group for COVID-19 Prevention and Control
At its meeting on January 25, 2020, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee decided to form a Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for COVID-19 Prevention and Control (“Central Leading Group for COVID-19 Prevention and Control” for short).
The Central Leading Group for COVID-19 Prevention and Control is the decision-making and command body set up by the CPC Central Committee in response to the urgent need for epidemic combat across the country. It works under the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and exercises unified leadership and command over epidemic prevention and control. Li Keqiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and premier of the State Council, heads the group, and Wang Huning, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, serves as deputy head.
On January 26, Li Keqiang presided over the first meeting of the Central Leading Group for COVID-19 Prevention and Control. The meeting concluded that as epidemic prevention and control is currently in a critical stage, Party committees and governments at all levels must unify their thinking and actions by following the guiding principles of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s instructions and the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau. They must put epidemic prevention and control at the top of their current agenda, and take more decisive, more powerful and orderly, more scientific and thorough measures to effectively curb the spread of the virus.
To further tighten epidemic prevention and control in Hubei province and Wuhan city, the meeting decided to dispatch a Central Guiding Team there to promote the frontline work. It also decided to allocate resources nationwide to first meet the urgent need for medical workers and medical supplies in Hubei and Wuhan and to ensure the supply of daily necessities for the citizens there as the whole country is battling the virus.
On February 22, the Central Leading Group for COVID-19 Prevention and Control issued a document on protection and care for medical workers, putting forward 10 measures in detail. By February 24, the Central Leading Group for COVID-19 Prevention and Control had held 11 meetings to study and deploy epidemic prevention and control work.
2. 向湖北等疫情严重地区派出指导组
武汉和湖北是新冠肺炎疫情防控的重中之重，也是打赢疫情防控阻击战的主战场。2020年1月25日，中共中央政治局常委会召开专题会议，决定向湖北等疫情严重地区派出指导组，推动有关地方全面加强防控一线工作。
中央赴湖北指导组主要有三项职责：一是指导督导湖北、武汉落实中央决策部署;二是指导湖北、武汉抗击疫情，增强防控力量;三是督查一些不作为、乱作为、不担当的问题，依法依纪要求有关方面做出整改，做出调查处理。
1月27日，中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理孙春兰率中央指导组抵达湖北省武汉市，全面加强一线疫情防控，重点开展五方面工作：一是加强源头防控，作出交通隔离、延长假期等工作部署，切断疫情的传播途径和传播渠道;二是千方百计调配资源，保障医护力量和医用物资，增加收治床位供给，确保居民生活必需品供应;三是全力救治患者，部署建立方舱医院、开展拉网式排查，分类分级分层开展救治，抓好确诊、疑似、发热和密切接触者四类人群管理，推进中医药参与疫情防控;四是组织开展流行病学调查，对传染源、传播途径和传播机理等进行追踪研究，及时研判疫情走势;五是明确和落实好辖区、行业部门、单位和个人“四方”责任。
中央指导组同湖北人民和武汉人民并肩作战，自始至终抓住疫情防控、救治患者、保障医用物资三条主线，扭住武汉和湖北其他市州两个重点，在疫情防控斗争的第一线发挥了关键作用。
The Central Guiding Team Dispatched to Hubei Province and Other Severely-Hit Regions
Wuhan city and Hubei province are the top priorities of epidemic prevention and control, and the main battlefields of the war against the virus. On January 25, 2020, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee decided to dispatch a Central Guiding Team to Hubei province and other regions severely hit by the epidemic, aiming to comprehensively strengthen epidemic prevention and control on the front line.
The Central Guiding Team has three major duties: (1) to guide and supervise Hubei province and Wuhan city to implement the arrangements made by the central leadership; (2) to guide Hubei and Wuhan in the battle against the epidemic and increase prevention and control forces; and (3) to investigate negative, wrong and irresponsible actions, supervise local rectification, and deal with those problems in accordance with laws and discipline.
Led by Sun Chunlan, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and vice premier of the State Council, the Central Guiding Team arrived in Wuhan on January 27. Empowered to comprehensively strengthen frontline epidemic prevention and control, the Central Guiding Team mainly carries out work in five aspects: (1) to strengthen prevention and control at the source, make arrangements such as traffic restraint and extension of Spring Festival break, in order to interrupt epidemic transmission; (2) to do everything possible to deploy resources to satisfy the need for medical workers and medical supplies, increase hospital beds, and ensure the supply of daily necessities for the local residents; (3) to coordinate the efforts in treating and curing patients, building temporary treatment centers, thorough infection screening, classified and multi-level treatment for patients, and management of the four groups of people who are confirmed patients, suspected cases, febrile and close contacts, and promote the use of traditional Chinese medicine in disease treatment; (4) to organize the conducting of epidemiological investigations, tracking and studying of the source of infection and the route and mechanism of transmission, and timely analysis of the epidemic trend; and (5) to clarify the duties for administrative divisions, industry sectors, units, and individuals and ensure their full performance.
The Central Guiding Team has worked alongside with the people in Wuhan and other places of Hubei province, and focused their work on epidemic prevention and control, treating and curing patients, and ensuring medical supplies, thus playing a key role on the front line of the battle.
3. 分区分级做好疫情防控工作
2020年1月25日，中共中央政治局常委会专题会议对科学防治、精准施策作出部署，要求分类指导各地做好疫情防控工作。2月17日，国务院应对新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制印发《关于科学防治精准施策分区分级做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的指导意见》。《意见》指出，各地各有关部门要贯彻中央关于突出重点、统筹兼顾，分类指导、分区施策的要求，依据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》等法律法规，分区分级精准防控，统筹疫情防控与经济社会秩序恢复。
分区分级做好疫情防控工作，就是立足地区特点和疫情形势因应施策。各地要制定差异化的县域防控和恢复经济社会秩序的措施，即以县(市、区、旗)为单位，依据人口、发病情况综合研判，科学划分疫情风险等级，明确分级分类的防控策略;划小管控单元，辖区内的城乡社区、机关、企事业单位、社会组织和个人均应按要求落实相关防控措施。湖北省和武汉市要采取更严格、更有针对性、更加管用有效的措施，内防扩散、外防输出，把疫情扩散遏制住;要切实保障各种物资供应，确保人民群众正常基本生活。北京市要全力做好疫情防控工作，坚决抓好外防输入、内防扩散两大环节，尽最大可能切断传染源，尽最大可能控制疫情波及范围，确保首都安全。其他地区要加强组织领导，坚持依法防控，做好分区分级差异化防控，落实防控要求和救治要求，有序恢复生产生活秩序。
Region-Specific and Multi-Level Approaches to Epidemic Prevention and Control
In addition to science-based and targeted measures against the virus, the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on January 25, 2020 also required sector-specific guidance on epidemic prevention and control.
On February 17, the inter-agency task force under the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council issued a package of guidelines on taking science-based, targeted, region-specific, and multi-level measures for epidemic prevention and control. According to the guidelines, all provincial governments and central departments must enforce the central leadership’s requirements by focusing on key issues, strengthening coordination, giving sector-specific guidance, and applying different policies for different areas. They are required to take region-specific, multi-level targeted approaches to epidemic prevention and control in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and the Regulations on the Urgent Handling of Public Health Emergencies, and coordinate epidemic prevention and control and restoration of economic and social order.
Region-specific and multi-level approaches are meant to suit the specific features and epidemic situations of different regions. In line with the guidelines, differentiated policies will be adopted for epidemic control and restoration of economic and social order in different places. Counties and other county-level administrative regions (cities, districts and banners) need to conduct a comprehensive analysis of local population and epidemic severity, make science-based classification of the virus risk, and take appropriate prevention and control strategies accordingly. They should divide their management and control grids into smaller pieces, and urban and rural communities, government bodies, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and individuals within their jurisdiction must follow relevant rules for virus prevention and control.
Hubei province and Wuhan city are required to take more stringent, more targeted, and more effective measures to curb the spread of the epidemic within their jurisdictions and beyond, and ensure the supply of all kinds of materials and basic necessities for the local people. Beijing, capital of China, must make every effort to fight the epidemic, resolutely guard against imported cases and spread of the virus within the city, and cut off the source of infection to ensure the city’s safety. Other areas should strengthen organization and leadership, abide by relative laws and regulations, carry out differentiated epidemic control, implement relative requirements on epidemic prevention and treatment of patients, and restore the order of production and life in an orderly manner.
4. 及时准确、公开透明发布疫情信息
2020年1月25日，中共中央政治局常委会专题会议强调，要及时准确、公开透明发布疫情信息，回应境内外关切;要及时向世界卫生组织、有关国家和地区组织以及港澳台地区通报疫情信息，加强合作、全力应对，共同维护地区和全球卫生安全。2月3日，习近平在中共中央政治局常委会会议上发表讲话，要求多层次、高密度发布权威信息，正视存在的问题，回应群众的关切，增强及时性、针对性、专业性。2月23日，习近平在统筹推进新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济社会发展工作部署会议上发表讲话，要求完善疫情信息发布，依法做到公开、透明、及时、准确。
按照中央统一部署和要求，国务院新闻办公室1月26日起不定期就新冠病毒肺炎疫情联防联控工作有关情况举行发布会;2月15日首次将发布会现场前移至抗疫最前沿——湖北武汉。1月27日起，国家卫生健康委每天上午举行新闻发布会。2月3日起，国务院应对新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制新闻发布会每日举行。与此同时，湖北省及部分疫情比较重的地方每天也都举行新闻发布会。上述发布会及时通报疫情情况、防控举措、抗“疫”效果，主动回应社会关切、压缩谣言空间，进一步提高了新闻舆论工作的针对性和有效性。
Prompt Release of Accurate Epidemic Information
The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee demanded at its meeting on January 25, 2020 prompt release of accurate information on the epidemic and timely response to concerns at home and aboard. It also required providing timely updates of the epidemic with the World Health Organization (WHO), relevant countries and regional organizations, Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan province, and enhancing cooperation in an all-out response to the epidemic, in order to jointly safeguard regional and global health safety.
Speaking to a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau on February 3, Xi Jinping required frequent release of authoritative information by relevant agencies at different levels, addressing existing problems squarely, and responding to public concerns in a timely and specialist manner with a clear aim. At another meeting held on February 23 to promote nationwide epidemic control and economic and social development, he urged improving the release of epidemic information, which shall be made in an open, transparent, timely and accurate manner in accordance with the law.
Following the arrangements and requirements by the central leadership, the State Council Information Office has since January 26 held press conferences at irregular intervals on the joint efforts in virus prevention and control. On February 15, it for the first time moved its pressroom to Wuhan, the forefront of epidemic prevention and control. Starting from January 27, the National Health Commission (NHC) has held press conferences every morning. Starting from February 3, the inter-agency task force under the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council has held press conferences daily. Hubei province and other regions severely hit by the epidemic also hold press conferences every day.
By releasing latest information about the epidemic, prevention and control measures and effects, these press conferences have taken the initiative in responding to public concerns and quashing rumors, thus have further improved the effectiveness of information disclosure.
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