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2020年翻译资格考试二级口译每日一练:语法与词汇(1)
请从以下四个选项里选出最符合题意的一个选项:
While most people would _____ at the prospect of so much work, Daniels seems to positively enjoy it.
A. accentuate
B. collate
C. dehumanize
D. blanch
D. blanch
解析:这一题里,四个选项词似乎都需要通过放到整个句子里,才能通晓其具体的意思。首先,这句话的意思是,Daniels和most people的观点并不是一样的,他的态度是positively enjoy it。也就是说,Daniel对于the prospect of so much work并不是很在意。相对应的,most people的关注点则在于so much work。那么,哪个词是与“不感兴趣”或与之相近的词呢?第一个可以淘汰的是两个词,就是选项C. dehumanize,一个de+human+ize的组合,则很明显是“去人类化”或“非人类化"。选项B. collate也不是很合适,因为它的意思是“校对;核对;校勘;整理”,即When you collate pieces of information, you gather them all together and examine them. 例如:Roberts has spent much of his working life collating the data on which the study was based./罗伯茨的很大一部分工作时间都是在核对研究所需的数据。又如:They have begun to collate their own statistics on racial abuse./他们已经开始整理自己有关种族歧视的统计数据。
对于选项A. accentuate, 似乎与句子的意思比较接近,是"强调;加重;使更明显"的意思,即To accentuate something means to emphasize it or make it more noticeable. 例如:The whole air of menace was accentuated by the fact that he was so cordial and soft-voiced./他如此亲切,说话轻声细语,这更加重了威胁的语气。不过,考虑到Daniels enjoys it,则在对比程度上弱了很多,不是最佳的答案。
最后要选的就是选项D. blanch。这个词很有意思,有两个完全不相关的意思。它的的一个意思与“变白”有关,“突然变得煞白”,即If you blanch, you suddenly become very pale. 例如:His face blanched as he looked at Sharpe's blood-drenched uniform./他一看到夏普浸满鲜血的制服,脸色顿时变得煞白。当然,这里的变白不是颜色的变化,而是一种心理的变。进而,它引申出了的另一个意思,就是心理变化引发的行动——“退缩;回避”,即If you say that someone blanches at something, you mean that they find it unpleasant and do not want to be involved with it. 例如:Everything he had said had been a mistake. He blanched at his miscalculations./他所说的一切都是错的。他回避了自己的判断错误。又如:There are places you can take physically handicapped children where staff don't blanch at the sight of a wheelchair./有些地方你能带残疾儿童去,那里的工作人员不会一看到轮椅就退缩。
请从以下四个选项里选出最符合题意的一个选项:
You will see this product _______ whereever you go.
A. to be advertised
B. advertised
C. advertise
D. advertising
参考答案:A. to be advertised
解析:首先,四个选项里的词与其之前product一词是什么关系呢?这是要选一个后置定语。不过,是要选择过去分词,还是现在分词呢?从语义理解来看,advertise与所修饰的名词product之间是受动关系,即product是advertise的受动者,而不是施动者,要用过去分词形式,即产品“被”宣传。不过,决定选择哪个选项的,应该是主句里的时态——一般将来时。也就是说,这是一个未来要发生的事,即产品的宣这传工作现在还没有开始。因此,this product will be advertised everywhere you go。作为后置定语短语,则要用不定式来表示,to be advertised。
请从以下四个选项里选最符合题意的一个选项:
Many Americans think a national committee should be formed to discuss _____ to existing mass transit system.
A. alterations
B. alternations
C. attendants
D. alternatives
参考答案:11月18日北京南边的一工业区发生火灾,烧死了19人,其中有17人是外来务工人员。之后,新一轮的外来人员驱赶行动开始。北京官方宣布展开为期四十天的打击“违建”行动,因为多年来,有数百万外来务工人员居住在这些违章建筑内。他们有的在开餐馆、有的送快递、有的在工地干活,有的开小卖部或是一些工厂小老板。
解析:四个选项里,选项A、B、D有一个共同的词缀,即 alter,意思是other/to change,"其他的,改变状态"。不过,这三个选项的意思并不一样。选项A. Alteration的意思是“更改、变动”,即An alteration is a change in or to something. 例如:Making some simple alterations to your diet will make you feel fitter./对日常饮食做些简单的调整就会让你身体更健康。The structural alterations made to the house were planned with Gail's help./对房屋结构调整的规划是在盖尔的帮助下完成的。选项B. alternation是动词alternate的名词形式,有“交替、轮流”的意思,之外,其自身就是一个名词,就是“代替者;候补者”,即An alternate is a person or thing that replaces another, and can act or be used instead of them. 例如:In most jurisdictions, twelve jurors and two alternates are chosen. /大多数辖区都会选出12名陪审员和2名候补陪审员。The six food groups include grain products, vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, meats and meat alternates, and a miscellaneous group./6类食物包括谷类产品、蔬菜、水果、牛奶和奶制品、肉类和肉类替代品以及杂类食品。在美式英语里,alternative作为名词,在表示同样的意思是,是可以与alternate一样地用的。不过,选项D形式上看似是一个形容词,不过却也有名词的形式,因而也可以用以复数形式,alternatives的意思是“可供替代的”,即If one thing is an alternative to another, the first can be found, used, or done instead of the second. 例如:New ways to treat arthritis may provide an alternative to painkillers. 关节炎的新疗法可能是止痛药之外的另一种选择。也就是说,alternation并没有“替代者“的意思,而只有“轮流”的意思。这个通常是我们很容易在选择时,做出错误选项的一个点。
请从以下四个选项里选最符合题意的一个选项:
____ exeterted by tormados that they have been known to lift railroad locomotives off their tracks.
A. The great force is
B. How great is the force
C. The force is so great
D. So great is the force
参考答案:D. So great is the force
解析:这一题其实是要准确地找出so……that的句型,以及倒闭句的正确的用法。如果我们用陈述句来表述这个句子,就应该是The force exeterted by tormados is so great that they have been known to lift railroad locomotives off their tracks. 不过,为了强调the force大的程度,将so great放在句首了,则要用一个倒装句的方式来呈现。同样的句子如:So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. /天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。此外,还有so修饰副词并用于倒装强调的情况,如So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. /他们吃得太多了,一个小时都动弹不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him./他讲话声音那么大,隔壁屋里的人都听得见。
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口译: 翻译资格考试二级口译模拟题
笔译: 翻译资格考试二级笔译模拟题
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