【摘要】 即将参加职称英语等级考试的考生们，考试即将到来，你们的备考工作进行得如何了？考必过为大家精心整理了2017职称英语《理工A》阅读理解模拟题及答案(1)，希望能够助力职称英语等级考试。那么，同学们一起快来做题吧！关于2017职称英语《理工A》阅读理解模拟题及答案(1)的具体内容如下：
>>>2017年职称英语报名条件预审系统已开通
>>>2017职称英语《理工A》阅读理解模拟题及答案汇总
第4部分：阅读理解(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。
第一篇
Immune Functions
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive (蜂巢). The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and non-self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non-self molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders (入侵者). Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a non-self molecule, the system has the ability to "remember" the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly.
With the possible exception of antibodies (抗体) passed during lactation (授乳期) , this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must "learn" from experience with the many millions of distinctive non-self molecules in the sea of microbes (微生物) in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non-self invader.
Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen (抗原) . Antigens are not to be confused with allergens (过敏源) , which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual also act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, non-antigenic building blocks.
An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes (抗原表位) , which protrude (突出) from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface; some may even carry several hundreds. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response.
Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non-self and execute a misdirected immune attack.
31. What is used to describe the communication network consisting of cells in the immune system?
A. The immune system's memory.
B. Immune troops eliminating intruders.
C. Bees flying around a hive.
C. A sea of microbes.
32. The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known as_________.
A. self-tolerance.
B. balance.
C. harmony.
D. tolerance.
33. How do the immune cells recognize an antigen as "foreign" or "non-self"?
A. Through an allergic response.
B. Through blood type.
C. Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface.
D. Through fine hairs protruding from the antigen surface.
34. Which of the following statement is true?
A. Allergens are usually harmful substances.
B. Antigens can trigger an immune response.
C. People with antigens do not suffer from obvious responses.
D. There is no difference between an antigen and an allergen.
35. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?
A. An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response.
B. One of the immune system's primary functions is the allergic response.
C. The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes.
D. The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and non-self.
第二篇
Wikipedia Imposes New Curbs (约束) on Editing Articles
Wikipedia, the famous online encyclopedia, is looking to impose more discipline with new restrictions on the editing of articles.
The latest changes come as Wikipedia tries to balance a need for credibility and a desire for openness. While anyone can still edit entries, the site is testing pages that won't register changes until they are approved by an experienced Wikipedia editor. If the site's users respond well to the test run, the new restrictions will apply to all entries for living people in the next few weeks.
The idea is to block the kind of vandalism( 故意破坏 )that has damaged some pages. In one of the most recent embarrassments, US Democratic Senators Robert Byrd was prematurely declared dead by the editors. Still, Wikipedia risks discouraging legitimate editing if restrictions on changes or additions become too burdensome, keeping articles from getting better or keeping up with events.
That may be especially true on more obscure pages with fewer active volunteers to approve edits timely.Aware of the risks, Wikipedia has set the criteria for "experienced editor" status relatively low.Users who are registered for a few days can give changes, said Jay Walsh, a spokesman for the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation, which runs the site.
A more uniform system for filtering changes on Wikipedia represents a step back from the site's original philosophy, which called for creating the collective knowledge of volunteer editors without any major restrictions.
Some observers believe Wikipedia must continue tightening editing policies if it wants to gain credibility. "I'm just waiting for the other shoe to drop," said Erie Goldman, director of the High Tech Law Institute at the Santa Clara University School of Law. "My hope is that Wikipedia still exists and is still considered a useful site," Goldman said. "But it will be at that point a very tightly controlled site. It won't have that veneer (外表) of a site that anyone can contribute to. They haven't closed the drawbridge (吊桥) . People can still get in. But it keeps going up and up and up."
Separately, the Omidyar Network, a philanthropic (博爱的，慈善的 ) investment group started by eBay founder Pierre Omidyar, said on Tuesday it is committing $2 million over two years to the Wikimedia Foundation. Omidyar Network's grant will support Wikimedia's goals of bringing free educational content to people around the world and supporting more people to help create that content.
36. What is the latest change of Wikipedia?
A. Now not everybody can edit entries in Wikipedia.
B. Fewer restrictions will be posed on the edition of entries.
C. Some of the pages will not register changes without the approval of an experienced editor.
D. All entries for living people will not be edited from now on.
37. Which statement about Robert Byrd is false?
A. He is a member of American Democratic Party.
B. He is a member of the Senate.
C. He was wrongly declared dead by Wikipedia.
D. He used to edit entries in Wikipedia.
38. Why has Wikipedia set the criteria for "experienced editor" status relatively low?
A. Because experienced editors are rare.
B. Because a lot of people are interested in the editing of entries.
C. Because stricter criteria may discourage legitimate editing.
D. Because people receive no pay for their editing.
39. Which of the following statements about Wikipedia is true?
A. This is the fist time that Wikipedia imposes restrictions on the editing of entries.
B. People can still edit all the entries on the English site freely.
C. The current discipline imposed on the editing of articles is not strict so that it caused embarrassments.
D. Wikipedia is now firmly sticking to its original philosophy.
40. Pierre Omidyar is
A. a senator.
B. a spokesman of Wikipedia.
C. a university professor.
D. an enterpriser.
第三篇
Tightened Visa Regulations
According to South Korea's new visa regulations, native speakers of English in South Korea will be required to undergo criminal record checks, medical and drug tests, provide sealed academic transcripts ( 成绩单 ) and have their university diplomas inspected. The Korea Times has reported the tightened regulations will affect an estimated 17,000 foreigners that hold E-2 visas--specifically for foreign language teachers.
The most controversial requirement is that English teachers residing (居住) outside South Korea will have to have an interview at a South Korean Embassy before taking up their teaching posts. For applicants living in remote areas in Canada, Australia or the US, this is an additional travel burden. Meanwhile, foreign teachers currently living in South Korea must leave the country after their one-year contracts and renew their visas by visiting a neighboring country and return without additional documentation (文件证据).
The visa changes are a reaction to public concern about the suitability of some foreign teachers. A report from the South Korean Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development shows between 2001 and August of this year, 1,481 foreign language teachers have been caught for a range of offenses including forged (伪造的 ) degrees, visa violations and general lawbreaking.
But the changes are likely to slow up the supply of teachers to South Korea's English language education sector. According to Michael Duffy, manager of a teacher placement service in South Korea, applicants have to spend a few hundred dollars and several months on getting affidavits (书面陈述书) for documents. "South Koreahas put up too many hoops (圈) to jump through," he said, adding that foreigners would seek work elsewhere. Most foreigners wonder if the experience of working in South Korea will be worth the burden of the paper work and increasing restrictions. "I don't think (South) Korea has thought this through," said Scott Mclnnis, a Canadian teacher based in Incheon near Seoul. "This is a reactionary move by the government that will have strong implications for the EFL community."
As part of the efforts to ease the discontent (不满), the South Korean Ministry of Justice has granted a three-month grace period for current E-2 visa holders to prepare the necessary documents.
41. Which of the following is NOT required of an E-2 visa applicant?
A. To pass a Korean language test.
B. To undergo a medical test.
C. To provide sealed school reports.
D. To undergo a drug test.
42. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that before the visa regulations were revised foreign teachers didn't have to________.
A. sign new contracts if they wanted to continue to work.
B. go through any formalities if they wanted to stay a bit longer.
C. visit a neighboring country if they wanted to renew their visas.
D. interview a South Korean official if they wanted to apply for work permits.
43. The list of crimes many foreign language teachers committed between 2001 and August of this year did NOT include_________.
A. visa violations.
B. forged degrees.
C. subversive activities.
D. general lawbreaking.
44. The new visa policy aims at
A. protecting South Korea from terrorist attacks.
B. improving foreign language teaching in South Korea.
C. providing more job opportunities for the South Korean people.
D. encouraging the South Korean people to learn the Chinese language.
45. EFL in Paragraph 4 is an abbreviation of
A. easily forgotten lovers.
B. extremely fussy lawyers.
C. exceptionally fast learners.
D. English as a foreign language.
以上就是考必过为大家整理的2017职称英语《理工A》阅读理解模拟题及答案(1)的具体内容。所谓未来，其实只是过去的堆砌，堆砌昨天便有了今天，堆砌今天便有了明天，堆砌明天便是未来。最后，考必过预祝大家在未来的职称英语等级考试中能够取得优异的成绩！