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1. bring up
When someone brings up a child, they look after it until it is an adult. If someone has been brought up in a certain place or with certain attitudes, they grew up in that place or were taught those attitudes when they were growing up. 养育;抚养;养大
例：His grandmother and his father brought him up...
是他的祖母和父亲把他养大的。
He was brought up in North Yorkshire...
他是在北约克郡长大的。
We'd been brought up to think that borrowing money was bad...
我们从小就被教导借钱是不好的行为。
2. shut one’s eyes to
If you say that someone shuts their eyes to something, you mean that they deliberately ignore something which they should deal with. 故意忽视;故意不予理会;对…视若罔闻
例：We shut our eyes to the plainest facts, refusing to admit the truth...我们对最浅显的事实视而不见，拒绝承认真相。
She was shutting her eyes to reality, just as she had done after Matthew died.她不肯正视现实，跟她在马修去世后的表现如出一辙。
3. barebones
reduced to or comprising only the basic or essential elements of something最基本的;降到最低限度的
例：Compared to spectacular funerals past — for Princess Diana in 1997 or the Queen Mother in 2002 — Philip’s ceremony was stripped down to its bare bones, partly because of pandemic restrictions.
与过去壮观的葬礼相比--1997年戴安娜王妃的葬礼和2002年王后的葬礼--菲利普的葬礼一切从简，部分原因是疫情期间的一些限制措施。
4. the odds are stacked against
If you say that the odds are stacked against someone, or that particular factors are stacked against them, you mean that they are unlikely to succeed in what they want to do because the conditions are not favorable. 情况对…不利
例：The odds are stacked against civilians getting a fair trial...
平民难以得到公正的审判。
Everything seems to be stacked against us.
一切好像都对我们不利。
5. catchment area
The catchment area of a school, hospital, or other service is the area that it serves. (学校的)招生地区;(医院等的)服务地区
例：...the catchment areas of the district general hospitals.
地区综合医院的服务范围
6. relate to sth/sb
①to be connected with sth/sb; to refer to sth/sb 涉及;与…相关;谈到
例：We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.
我们应针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。
The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.
第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。
②to be able to understand and have sympathy with sb/sth 能够理解并同情;了解;体恤
例：Many adults can't relate to children.
许多成年人并不了解儿童的想法。
Our product needs an image that people can relate to.
我们的产品需要一个大家能理解的形象。
7. run-up
①run-up(to sth) a period of time leading up to an important event;
the preparation for this (重要事情的)前期;准备阶段;准备
例：an increase in spending in the run-up to Christmas
圣诞节前花费的增加
During the run-up to the election
在选举前的准备阶段
②In sport, a run-up is the run made by a player or athlete, for example before throwing a ball or a javelin, or before jumping. (投掷、跳高、跳远等之前的)助跑
例：When I began to compete again, I was struggling with my run-up.当我重新参赛后，我要解决助跑这一项。
8. a going concern
a business or an activity that is making a profit and is expected to continue to do well 生意兴隆的业务;发展中的事业
例：He sold the cafe as a going concern.
他把经营得正红火的咖啡馆卖掉了。
9. the going rate (for sth)
the usual amount of money paid for goods or services at a particular time 现行价格;现行收费标准;现行酬金标准
例：They pay slightly more than the going rate.
他们支付的酬金略高于现行标准。
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