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试题选项：
23. A) Being unable to learn new things.
B) Being rather slow to make changes.
C) Losing temper more and more often.
D) Losing the ability to get on with others.
24. A) Cognitive stimulation.
B) Community activity.
C) Balanced diet.
D) Fresh air.
25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.
B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.
C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.
D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.
听力原文材料+答案
A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Still there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age. Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age. To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies.
Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference. Co-author James Burke helped design the study. "In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial." "Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects, although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established." Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help. And Burke says that actually does seem to help, based on randomized studies—the researcher's gold standard "Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit. The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged." The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline. However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke was willing to offer some recommendations. "I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, important." James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline. The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.
23 According to the speaker, what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adults?
24 According to James Burke, what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline?
25 What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline?
一项新研究未能找到任何有力的证据来证明改变生活方式能防止老年人认知能力减退。
当我们年老时，我们仍旧有充分的理由让我们的居住方式和饮食习惯朝着积极的方向发展。
当我们年老时，认知能力的下降意味着丧失学习新技能的能力，或者是容易忘记一些单词、名字和人脸。
为了降低或者避免认知能力的衰退，研究者们调查了抽烟、饮食、脑力挑战游戏、运动以及其他策略的效果。
杜克大学的研究人员详细检查了160多项公开的研究，他们发现没有有力的证据能够证实上述任何一种方式能帮助降低认知能力衰退。
合著者詹姆斯·伯克帮助设计了这项研究。
“在观察性研究中，我们发现有些维生素B是有益的。”
“虽然没有有力的证据证实运动、饮食、认知刺激可以帮助降低认知能力衰退，但是它们仍能发挥一定的积极作用。”
以前的一些研究认为通过心理刺激的活动来挑战大脑或许会对降低认知能力的衰退有帮助。
并且伯克认为根据随机研究——研究者的黄金标准，这看起来确实是有帮助的。
“我们确实在认知刺激领域发现了一些有用的效果。
“但个体所使用的具体刺激方式并不如脑力主动参与重要。”
专家评审也没有找到充足的证据来推荐任何可以防止或减缓认知能力下降的药品或膳食补充剂。
然而，鉴于有证据显示一些生活方式的改变对降低认知能力衰退有积极的影响，
再加上其他显然与认知能力下降无关的好处，伯克愿意给人们提供一些建议。
“我认为从医学、营养和认知刺激的角度来看，如果人们采取健康的生活方式，”
我们就可以减少认知能力衰退的发病率，这将证明上述因素实际上是重要的。”
杜克大学的詹姆斯·伯克是研究之前有关认知减退研究的作者。
论文发表在了内科学年鉴网站上。
问题23到25是基于刚刚所听到的那段录音。
问题23：根据说话者所说，老年人认知能力减退的症状是什么?
问题24：根据詹姆斯·伯克所说，什么有助于降低认知能力衰退?
问题25：詹姆斯·伯克所推荐什么可以减少认知能力衰退的发病率?
答案
23-25:AAC
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