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Alice Munro, the winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, once observed: “The complexity of things — the things within things — just seems to be endless. I mean nothing is easy, nothing is simple.” That is also a perfect description of Ms. Munro’s quietly radiant short stories — stories that have established her as one of the foremost practitioners of the form. Set largely in small-town and rural Canada and often focused on the lives of girls and women, her tales have the swoop and density of big, intimate novels, mapping the crevices of characters’ hearts with cleareyed Chekhovian empathy and wisdom.
2013年诺贝尔文学奖得主爱丽丝·门罗(Alice Munro)曾说：“事物的复杂性，即事中有事，似乎没个头。我想说的是，万事都不容易，都不简单。”门罗女士的这句话也完美概她娴静闪光的短篇小说，凭借这些短篇小说，她跻身最伟大小说家之列。这些小说主要以加拿大小镇和乡村为背景，多描写女孩和妇女的生活。门罗短篇小说具有长篇情爱小说的冲击力和厚重，用契诃夫般洞察一切的同情心和智慧，勾勒人物内心的罅隙。
Fluent and deceptively artless on the page, these stories are actually amazingly intricate constructions that move back and forth in time, back and forth between reality and memory, opening out, magically, to disclose the long panoramic vistas in these people’s lives (the starts, stops and reversals that stand out as hinge moments in their personal histories) and the homely details of their day-to-day routines: the dull coping with “food and mess and houses” that can take up so much of their heroines’ time. Ms. Munro’s stories possess an emotional amplitude and a psychological density.
门罗小说笔触流畅，表面朴实，结构却错综复杂，时间跳跃，时而现实，时而回忆，徐徐道来，奇妙地展开小说人物的生活全景(开始、停止和逆转是小说人物一生最重要的时刻)以及他们日常生活的平凡细节：“买菜、做饭和家务”的枯燥事情，占用了女主人公的大部分时间。门罗小说不但情感丰富，而且有内涵。
Her understanding of the music of domestic life, her ability to simultaneously detail her characters’ inner landscapes and their place in a meticulously observed community, and her talent for charting “the progress of love” as it morphs and mutates through time — these gifts have not only helped Ms. Munro redefine the contours of the contemporary short story, but have also made her one of today’s most influential writers.
门罗对家庭生活音乐拥有自己个人理解，能够刻画人物的内心世界以及他们在精心勾勒的社会中的地位，并且能随着时间的流逝，绘制不断演变的“爱的进程”。凭借这些天赋，门罗重新定义了当代短篇小说的轮廓，成为当今最有影响力的作家之一。
In short fiction that spans four and a half decades, Munro has given us prismatic portraits of ordinary people that reveal their intelligence, toughness and capacity to dream, as well as their lies, blind spots and lapses of courage and good will. Such descriptions are delivered not with judgmental accountancy, but with the sort of “unsparing unsentimental love” harbored by a close friend or family member.
在创作短篇小说的45年间，门罗为读者描绘了寻常百姓的多彩生活，展现了笔下人物的智慧、坚韧、梦想能力，同时也暴露出他们的谎言、无知、一时的畏缩和狡黠。此类描写不是外人的评头论足，而是怀着亲朋家人“严厉理智的关爱”。
Like Ms. Munro, many of the women in these stories grew up in small towns in Canada and, at some point, faced a decision about whether to stay or to leave for the wider world. Their lifetimes often span decades of startling social change — from a time and place when tea parties and white gloves were de rigueur to the days of health food stores and stripper bars. For that matter, Ms. Munro’s women often find themselves caught on the margins of shifting cultural mores and pulled between conflicting imperatives — between rootedness and escape, domesticity and freedom, between tending to familial responsibilities or following the urgent promptings of their own hearts. In story after story, passion is the magnet or the motor that drives women’s choices. Love and sex, and marriage and adultery are often mirrors that reveal a Munro heroine’s expectations — her fondest dreams and cruel self-delusions, her sense of independence and need to belong.
小说中的许多女性和门罗一样，也是在加拿大小镇长大的，在某个时候，她们面临着去留抉择，是要继续留在小镇还是要离开去外面的大世界。她们一生几十载，历经社会剧变——从举办茶会戴白手套的社交礼节时代，步入逛健康食品商店、去脱衣舞酒吧消遣的年代。因此，小说中的女性常处在文化道德转型之际，相互矛盾的理念让她们无所适从——是坚守还是逃离，是顾家还是自由，是承担家庭责任还是听由内心冲动的急切召唤。在门罗的一个个小说中，激情犹如磁铁或引擎，驱使女主人公做出选择。爱和性、婚姻和婚外情往往是反映门罗笔下女主人公内心期待的一面镜子——最美好的梦想和残酷的自欺，独立意识和归属需求。
Ms. Munro is adept at tracing the many configurations that intimacy can take over the years, showing how it can suffocate a marriage or inject it with a renewed sense of devotion. She shows how sexual ardor can turn into a “tidy pilot flame” and how an impulsive tryst can become a treasured memory, hoarded as a bulwark against the banalities of middle age. Illness and death frequently intrude upon these stories, and the reader is constantly reminded of the precariousness of life — and the role that luck, chance and reckless, spur-of-the-moment choices can play. Some of Ms. Munro’s characters embrace change as a liberating force that will lift them out of their humdrum routines, or at least satisfy their avid curiosity about life. Others regard it with fearful dismay, worried that they will lose everything they hold dear — or at least everything familiar.
门罗擅长描写多年亲密关系呈现出的多种情况，揭示这样的亲密关系是如何扼杀婚姻或为婚姻注入新的奉献精神。她揭示了性爱可以变成“庞大的火种”，冲动约会可以成为珍贵的记忆，形成堡垒，抵御中年的平庸生活。小说也频繁触及疾病和死亡这个话题，时刻提醒读者生命无常，以及运气、机会和一时草率决定可能给生活带来的影响。门罗笔下的一些人物视改变为解放力量，可以让自己摆脱单调乏味的生活，或者至少能满足自己对生活的强烈好奇。另一些人惧怕改变，看到会丧胆，担心会失去自己珍视的一切，或至少自己所熟悉的一切。
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