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考前冲刺：2020年自学考试英语科目模拟试题（十七）
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Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Everybody gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our
lives until, finally, some attack on the body brings our existence to an
end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take
relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to
fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to
us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient
truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might
readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame(荣誉).
Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting both the inpidual
and society, the human response to sickness in always socially organized.
No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating
ill health entirely to the inpidual. Each society develops its own
concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide
who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there
arises, over time, a number of standard, values, groups, statuses, and
roles: in other words, an institution(体系，机构). To the sociologist(社会学家)，
then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health
and the treatment of disease.
In the simple pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of
religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very
elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer(治疗者).
The later is typically also the priest(牧师), who relies primarily on
religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: For example,
bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about
a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the
institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including
dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital
administrator, linked with organizations such as nursing houses, insurance
companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject
of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the
most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.
26. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1?
A.Nowadays most people believe
B.Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.
C.most of us are aware of the full value of health
D.ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.
正确答案：B
27. The word “authorize” in paragraph 2 means “______”.
A.make way for
B.give power to
C.write an order for
D.make it possible for
正确答案：B
28. In paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as ______.
A.a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthy
B.a universal problem that affects every society
C.a social responsibility to treat ill health
D.a science that focuses on the treatment of disease
正确答案：A
29. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?
A.In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill
B.In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing
C.Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in
it.
D.there were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and
the one who tried to cure them.
正确答案：C
30. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with ______.
A.sociological aspects in medicine
B.medical treatment of diseases
C.the development of medical science
D.the role of religion in medicine
正确答案：A
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