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2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案(13)
A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to fall into some genres. The two genres most popular with the children I interviewed were ‘Platformers’ and ‘Beat-them-ups.’ Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children’s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed.
Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children’s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive ‘yells’ at the screen. It is not only the ‘Beat-them-up’ games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their ‘lives’ and ‘die’ just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words ‘Game over’ appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming ‘addictive’: the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have ‘one last go’ in the hope of doing better next time.
Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve(转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net，请保留此标记。) children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.
1. What is the topic of this article?
[A] How does playing computer games affect the level of violence in children
[B] There is no difference between Platform games and ‘Beat-Them-Ups’.
[C] How to control anger while playing computer games
[D] How to make children spend less time on computer games
2. Which of the following games is supposed to contain violent content?
[A] Sonic
[B] Super Mario
[C] Platformer
[D] Beat-Them-Up
3. What does unscathed (Paragraph 1, Last line) probably mean?
[A] unsettled
[B] unbeaten
[C] unharmed
[D] unhappy
4. According to the second paragraph, how does violence relate to playing computer games?
[A] When losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger.
[B] Beat-Them-Ups are more popular with children therefore more likely to produce violent behavior.
[C] People who have good hand-eye-coordination tend to be more violent than others.
[D] The violent content in the games gets children addicted to the games.
5. According to the author, why do video games lead to violence more than TV or movies?
[A] Because children cannot tell fiction from reality.
[B] Because children like to act out the scenes in the games on the playground.
[C] Because computer games involve children more than TV or films.
[D] Because computer games can produce more anti-social behavior.
答案及解析
1. 答案是[A] How does playing computer games affect the level of violence in children
解析：文章的主题，可以从第一段中看出。作者开头就说，A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played(计算机游戏的内容遭到很多非议)。第二段开头，作者又用这样的话引出下文：Controversy has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children’s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after prolonged exposure to these games.(计算机游戏引起争议，有部分原因是因为，小孩打游戏总是过了头，游戏已经渗透到他们生活中去。人们担心，孩子们因为打游戏时间过长，渐渐变的有暴力倾向。)第三段开头，作者说，Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality对计算机游戏的一些担心，来自于孩子无法辨别虚构世界和现实世界。可见，作者本文主要讨论的问题，是计算机游戏中的暴力给孩子们带来的影响。
2. 答案是[D] Beat-Them-Up
解析：该细节可以在文章第一段找到。文章第一段介绍了主要的两类电子游戏：Platformers和Beat-Them-Ups。前者包括Sonic和超级玛丽。后者是打游戏者作为游戏中的卡通人物的单人独斗类游戏，后者一般被认为有暴力内容。关键语句为Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content.
3. 答案是[C] unharmed
解析：可以根据上下文判断：文章第一段结尾，unscathed出现的语句为，In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children’s cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls of a cliff but walks away unscathed. (从很多方面来说，可以把电子游戏里的暴力和卡通片里的暴力比较：卡通片中的人物被击中脑袋，或者从悬崖上掉下去，也可以毫发无损地走开。)只有[C]正确。其他选项，[A] unsettled：紊乱的，无人居住的，东飘西荡的，不安定的。[B] unbeaten：未捣碎的，未被击败的;未被超越的;[D] unhappy：不快乐的，不幸福的，都是错误选项。
4. 答案是[A] When losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger.
解析：文章第二段介绍为什么沉迷于电子游戏中会使孩子们产生暴力倾向。作者先将本段内容在开头进行综述，小孩打游戏总是过了头，游戏已经渗透到他们生活中去。人们担心，孩子们因为打游戏时间过长，渐渐变的有暴力倾向。尤其是游戏即将失利的时候，玩家就会觉得沮丧，为自己曾经的失误气恼， 总想再来一次(have ‘one last go’)。作者说，Platforms和Beat-Them-Ups同样会使孩子们觉得失利后的沮丧，因此[B] 的说法，Beat-Them-Ups更受欢迎，因此更容易激发暴力行为，是错误的。[C] ，手眼协调出色的人更容易有暴力倾向，文章并没有相关内容。[D]，游戏中的暴力使得孩子们沉迷于游戏中，文章也没有这样的说法。作者认为，容易使孩子们沉迷于其中的，是他们自己玩游戏时候的失利，游戏结束时，看到GAME OVER，他们对自己在打那一局时所犯错误的懊恼。
5. 答案是[C] Because computer games involve children more than TV or films.
解析：问的是为什么电子游戏比电影和电视更容易激发孩子们的暴力行为。解题的关键语句是The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior.电子游戏比电影或电视都更容易让孩子们有身临其境的参与感，从而对他们的社会行为影响更大。容易错选成[A]，孩子们分不清虚构和现实世界，这虽然是文章原句，但这并不是作者想引出的游戏和影视的根本区别。[D]是打游戏的结果，并不是作者想探究的，为什么游戏比影视更容易让孩子产生暴力行为的原因。
注释 Notes
narrative n. (本文中作名词)叙述，故事
genre n. 类型，流派
obstacle n. 障碍物
animated adj. 动画的cliff n. 悬崖unscathed adj. 毫发无损的controversy n. 争议spill over into 深入到，渗透到prolonged adj. 长时间的frustration n. 挫折coordination n. 协调，协调性annoyance n. 烦恼，烦扰，恼怒，恼火addictive adj. 让人上瘾的 implication n. 含义，内涵 s tability n. 稳定性，稳定
2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案(14)
In Brazil, the debate over genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, affects mostly soybean production. Brazil is the world's second largest producer of soybeans behind the United States and ahead of Argentina. Most European and Asian retailers want to remain GM free.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Brazil are going on a media offensive to prevent the legalization of genetically modified crops. Environmentalists and consumer groups for years have been able to thwart government and companies' attempts to legalize altered food. In radio dramas that are being broadcast in remote regions, Brazilian NGOs are telling soy farmers the use of genetically modified seeds could endanger their health, their fields and their business. "We are not saying that genetic engineering is, in principle, something bad; we say that we need more science to be sure that it will work in an appropriate way with no harm in the future," said campaign coordinator Jean-Marc von der Weid. "This is both for health and environmental reasons. The other question is on economics. What we think is that in Brazil, if we approve the GMOs, we will lose a spectacular advantage that we have now. We are selling more to the international market, mostly for Europe and Asia, than we have done in our history, because we are not GMO contaminated."
Another opposition group, ActionAid, has been organizing grass-roots support in Brazilian farming regions to rouse consumer sentiment against legalization. ActionAid public policy director Adriano Campolina says he is fighting for farmers to remain independent. "When the small-scale farmer or a big farmer starts using this kind of seed, this farmer will be completely dependent on the transnationals, which control intellectual property rights over these seeds," he said.
Brazilian scientist Crodowaldo Pavan said there should be checks on what multinationals can do, but that doesn't mean GM seeds should be banned. He says fears over their usage are unfounded. Despite the official ban, Dr. Pavan says up to one third of Brazil's soy crop is genetically modified, because GM seed is being smuggled from Argentina. Brazil's government has invested heavily in a GM project by the U.S. biotech company, Monsanto, but the project was put on ice following a successful court challenge by consumers.
The anti-GMO groups are hoping the politicians' preoccupation with the October presidential election will give them time to gather enough support to defeat any future attempts to legalize genetically altered crops.
1. According to the passage, the issue in dispute in Brazil is ___________.
[A] contamination of the environment by genetically modified crops
[B] Brazil’s standing in the international market
[C] the October presidential election
[D] the legalization of genetically modified organisms
2. According to the passage, Brazil is the world’s _____________ soybean producer.
[A] largest
[B] second largest
[C] third largest
[D] fourth largest
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about NGOs in Brazil?
[A] They believe genetically modified crops will harm the farmers’ health.
[B] They believe genetic engineering is altogether a bad practice.
[C] They believe scientific methods should be introduced to ensure GM brings no harm.
[D] They believe GMOs will harm Brazil economically.
4. Which of the following statements is true about the organization called ActionAid?
[A] They encourage the farmers to produce genetically modified products.
[B] They encourage the farmers to depend on themselves for seeds.
[C] They strongly support the legalization of genetically modified products.
[D] They encourage the farmers to upgrade their farms to bigger ones.
5. What does the Brazilian scientist Crodowaldo Pavan say about genetically modified products?
[A] Genetically modified seeds should be banned.
[B] Brazil government should crack down on the smuggling of genetically modified seeds.
[C] The fear over the use of genetically modified seeds is uncalled for.
[D] Consumers should file more law suits to protect their rights.
答案及解析
1. 答案是[D] the legalization of genetically modified organisms
解析： 本文介绍的是巴西的一些民间组织如何反对转基因作物。他们从转基因产品对环境的污染，对农户身体的损害，以及对巴西经济的影响出发，反对政府将转基因作物合法化。文章主要介绍的是Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)和ActionAid两个组织。作者在文章末尾也介绍了一些其他的立场。例如巴西科学家Crodowaldo Pavan，他认为不能简单地将转基因作物一棍子打死。过分的担忧是没有必要的。政府即使禁止转基因作物，也有从阿根廷走私过来的种子，这使得巴西三分之一的作物实际上都是转基因的。巴西政府本来投资准备和美国的生化公司
Monsanto合作，但是因为消费者起诉并打赢了官司，该项目只能束之高阁。反对转基因作物的组织还打算在10月的总统大选前对政客们施加压力，准备将反对转基因作物的斗争进行到底。
2. 答案是[B] second largest
解析：相关内容在文章开头: Brazil is the world's second largest producer of soybeans behind the United States and ahead of Argentina. 巴西为世界上第二大大豆生产国。仅次于美国，位居阿根廷之前。
3. 答案是[B] They believe genetic engineering is altogether a bad practice.
解析：文章第二段介绍的是NGO的立场。作者引用NGO负责人Jean-Marc von der Weid 的话说，"We are not saying that genetic engineering is, in principle, something bad; we say that we need more science to be sure that it will work in an appropriate way with no harm in the future," said campaign coordinator Jean-Marc von der Weid. "This is both for health and environmental reasons. (我们并不是说转基因工程不好;我们的立场是，需要用科学方法来确保它不会在将来对环境造成危害。这主要是出于对环境和健康的考虑。)四个选项中只有[B]不符合NGO的立场。
4. 答案是[B] They encourage the farmers to depend on themselves for seeds.
解析：文章第三段介绍的是另一个反对组织，ActionAid。它也同样反对降转基因作物合法化。它号召巴西的农户不要依靠跨国公司作为种子的来源，否则就会被牢牢地控制住，失去自主权。
5. 答案是[C] The fear over the use of genetically modified seeds is uncalled for.
解析：文章第四段有如下内容: Brazilian scientist Crodowaldo Pavan said there should be checks on what multinationals can do, but that doesn't mean GM seeds should be banned. He says fears over their usage are unfounded.巴西科学家Crodowaldo Pavan认为应该对跨国公司实行一定的监督, 但是不能对转基因作物全盘否定。他说，担心转基因作物的危害，是没有根据的(unfounded)。这和[C]的叙述相符合。
注释 Notes
soybean n.大豆 retailer n.零售商人,传播的人 offensive n. 攻击 legalization n.合法化,公认 thwart vt.反对,阻碍,横过 spectacular a.公开展示的,惊人的
contaminate vt.弄污,弄脏,染污,传染,毒害
grass-roots 由乡间民间来进行的; 一般民众的; a.一般民众的,由乡间民间来进行的
sentiment n.感情,感伤,情操,情趣,感想,意见; 情绪
unfounded a.无理由的; 无稽的 smuggle vt.偷运,走私,私运 be put on ice (美国俚语)被束之 preoccupation n.先取,先入成见,偏见,出神
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