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It was just one word in one email, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company.
区区电子邮件里的一个单词，导致一家跨国公司遭受巨大经济损失。
The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one.
这封邮件是一位英语母语人士用英语写的，而邮件接收人则是一位以英语为第二语言的同事。该同事收到邮件后，对该单词的意思不确定，查阅字典后有两个截然相反的释义，最终选择了那个错误的释义。
Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back tothis one word,” says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn't reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. “Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.”
数月后，该跨国公司的高管开始调查这个项目失败并损失数十万美元的原因。庄贾萱(Chia Suan Chong)是一名交际技能和跨文化培训师，供职于一家总部设在英国的机构，她说：“所有的线索都指向这个单词”。庄贾萱没有透露具体是哪个棘手的单词，因为该单词是某行业专用词汇，透露该单词可能暴露这家跨国公司的身份。她还说：“由于双方的理解截然相反，导致事件失控。”
When such misunderstandings happen, it’s usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong.
出现这类误解时，责任在于英语母语人士。庄贾萱认为，耐人寻味的是，英语母语人士在传递信息方面比以英语为第二或第三语言的人士要糟糕。
“A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world’s global language. They feel they don’t have to spend time learning another language,” says Chong.
庄贾萱说：“众多英语母语人士对于英语成为世界通用语感到高兴，因为他们觉得不需要花时间再学其他语言了。”
The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang and references specific to their own culture, says Chong.
庄贾萱说，事实证明，非英语母语人士，特别是会讲第二或第三语言的人士，在讲话时目的性更强，也更加谨慎，而英语母语人士讲话时通常语速过快，导致别人听不懂，并且话语中还夹杂着笑话、俚语及自己文化特有的暗示。
“The native English speaker… is the only one who might not feel the need to accommodate or adapt to the others,” she adds.
她补充说：“只有……英语母语人士认为没必要为其他人改变。”
With non-native English speakers in the majority worldwide, it’s Anglophones who may need to up their game.
由于世界上非英语母语人士人数居多，所以英语母语人士该停止那套旧做法。
“Native speakers are at a disadvantage when you are in a lingua franca situation,” where English is being used as a common denominator, says Jennifer Jenkins, professor of global Englishes at the UK’s University of Southampton. “It’s the native English speakers that are having difficulty understanding and making themselves understood.”
詹尼弗·詹金斯(Jennifer Jenkins)是英国南安普敦大学的全球英语教授，她说：“母语各不相同的人在一起用英语作为通用语沟通时，英语母语人士处于不利的境地，因为他们难以理解他人，也很难让他人理解自己。”
Non-native speakers generally use more limited vocabulary and simpler expressions, without flowery language or slang. And then there’s cultural style, Zurich-based Micheal Blattner says. When a Brit reacts to aproposal by saying, “That’s interesting” a fellow Brit mightrecognise this as understatement for, “That’s rubbish.” But other nationalities would take the word “interesting” on face value, he says.
非英语母语人士讲英语时，常用数量有限的词汇和简单的表达方式，不花哨，也不夹带俚语。此外，在瑞士苏黎世工作的迈克尔·布拉特纳(Micheal Blattner)认为，还有文化的因素。比如，一个英国人评论一项提议时会说“That’s interesting”(“很有趣”)，此时，另一个英国人会把这句话把理解为“很垃圾”的含蓄说法，而其他国家的人则只会取“interesting”(有趣)的字面意思理解。
“English speakers with no other language often have a lack ofawareness of how to speak English internationally.”
“不会讲其他语言的英语母语人士在讲英语时，通常缺乏国际意识。”
In Berlin, Coulter saw German staff of a Fortune 500 company being briefed from their Californian HQ via video link. Despite being competent in English, the Germans gleaned only the gist of what their American project leader said. So among themselves they came up with an agreed version, which might or might not have been what was intended by the California staff.
科尔特(Coulter)在柏林见过，一家世界500强公司的德国员工通过视频连线听取加州总部的情况通报。德国员工虽然英语不错，但只留心美国项目领导讲话的大意。对于该情况通报，德国员工内部达成一致意见，而这个意见可能与加州项目领导的意思相同，也可能相左。
“Too many non-Anglophones, especially the Asians and the French, are too concerned about not ‘losing face’ — and nod approvingly while not getting the message at all,” he says.
他说：“太多非英语母语人士，尤其是亚裔人士和法国人，太怕‘丢面子’而只会点头赞同，实际上却一点都没听懂。”
That’s why Nerriere devised Globish— a distilled form of English, stripped down to 1,500 words and simple but standard grammar. “It’s not a language, it’s a tool,” he says. Since launching Globish in 2004 he’s sold more than 200,000 Globish text books in 18 languages.
为此，内里埃(Nerriere)发明了全球化英语(Globish)，这是一种简洁英语，将英语词汇限制在1500字左右，并采用简单、标准的语法。内里埃说：“全球化英语不是一种语言，而是一种工具。”自2004年推出全球化英语以来，用18种语言编写的全球化英语教材销量逾20万册。
“If you can communicate efficiently with limited, simple language you save time, avoid misinterpretation and you don’t have errors in communication,” Nerriere says.
内里埃说：“能用有限的词汇、简单的语言进行高效沟通，这既节省时间，又避免误解，交流中也无错误可言。”
When trying to communicate in English with a group of people with varying levels of fluency, it’s important to be receptive and adaptable, tuning your ears into a whole range of different ways of using English, Jenkins says.
詹金斯说，用英语与一群英语流利程度不一的人沟通时，保持灵活包容的态度，并接受各种各样的英语表达方法，这很重要。
“People who’ve learned other languages are good at doing that, but native speakers of English generally are monolingual and not very good at tuning into language variation,” she says.
詹金斯说：“学习了其他语言的人在这点就做的很好，而英语母语人士通常只会英语这一语言，不大适应英语的其他变体。”
In meetings, Anglophones tend to speed along at what they consider a normal pace, and also rush to fill gaps in conversation, according to Steggles.
斯特格勒斯(Steggles)认为，开会时，英语母语人士倾向于按自己认为正常的语速说话，在对话中则急于传递信息。
He recommends making the same point in a couple of different ways and asking for some acknowledgement, reaction or action.
他建议英语母语人士采用多种方式表达同一个意思，并且请信息接受者做出认可、反应或行动。
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