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2020翻译资格考试三级口译实务试题：如何预防中暑
中暑是由高温和热辐射的长期作用引起的热损伤性疾病，如体温调节障碍、水和电解质的过度流失、散热功能障碍等，主要表现为中枢神经系统和心血管功能障碍。
Heat stroke is a heat-damaging disease caused by the long-term effects of high temperature and heat radiation, such as temperature regulation disorder, excessive loss of water and electrolytes, and heat dissipation dysfunction, mainly manifested as central nervous system and cardiovascular dysfunction.
同时，中暑也是一种危及生命的急症。
Heat stroke is also a life-threatening emergency.
如果不给予及时有效的治疗，可能会导致抽搐、永久性脑损伤或肾衰竭，甚至死亡。
Without prompt and effective treatment, it can lead to convulsions, permanent brain damage or kidney failure, or even death.
中暑的严重程度
中暑根据严重程度可分为三个等级。
Heat stroke can be pided into three grades according to the severity.
受中暑威胁的患者会出现口渴、疲劳、多汗、头晕、眼花、耳鸣、头痛、恶心、胸闷、心悸、注意力不集中、体温正常或稍高，工作或在高温环境中生活一段时间后体温不超过38℃。
people at risk of heat stroke may experience thirst, fatigue, sweating, dizziness, dizziness, tinnitus, headache, nausea, chest tightness, palpitations, inattention, normal or slightly higher body temperature, and a body temperature not exceeding 38℃ after working or living in a high-temperature environment for a period of time.
轻度中暑伴中暑先兆的特征是症状加重，体温高于38℃，早期循环功能障碍，包括面色潮红或苍白，烦躁或表情淡漠，恶心呕吐，多汗，皮肤湿冷，脉细数，血压低，心率加快。
Mild heat stroke with the precursor of heat stroke is characterized by aggravating symptoms, with the body temperature higher than 38℃, and early circulatory dysfunction, including flushing or pallor, irritability or indifference, nausea and vomiting, sweating, cold and wet skin, pulse size, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate.
严重中暑先兆和轻度症状加重，出现高热、痉挛、抽搐、休克、昏迷等症状。
The premonition of severe heat stroke and the aggravation of mild symptoms, high fever, convulsions, convulsions, shock, coma and other symptoms.
中暑属于重度中暑，是由于体温调节功能障碍和体内热量积聚过多，从而导致神经器官受损。
Heat stroke is a severe form of heat stroke, which is caused by the loss of body temperature and the accumulation of heat in the body.
高风险群体应该提高警惕
High-risk groups should be vigilant
老年人因皮肤汗腺萎缩和循环系统功能恶化而散热不良。
The elderly have poor heat dissipation due to atrophy of skin sweat glands and deterioration of circulatory system function.
怀孕和分娩的妇女由于怀孕或产后身体疲惫和虚弱。
Women who are pregnant and give birth are physically tired and weak as a result of pregnancy or postpartum.
如果他们呆在通风不良、温度相对较高的房间里，他们很容易中暑。
If they stay in a room with poor ventilation and relatively high temperature, they are prone to heat stroke.
婴幼儿的各种系统发育不良，体温调节功能差，皮下脂肪较大，不利于散热。
Various phylogenetic dysplasia in infants, poor body temperature regulation, large subcutaneous fat, not conducive to heat dissipation.
服用抗组胺药、抗胆碱能药、安眠药等的人的血管会收缩，体温调节中心会受阻，容易中暑。
people taking antihistamines, anticholinergics, sleeping pills, etc., have constricted blood vessels, blocked thermoregulatory centers, and are prone to heat stroke.
心血管疾病患者的炎热天气会刺激心血管疾病患者的交感神经，增加心血管系统的负荷。
Hot weather in patients with cardiovascular disease can stimulate the sympathetic nerves of patients with cardiovascular disease, increasing the load on the cardiovascular system.
特别是心功能不全的患者，体内的热量不能及时消散和积累，容易中暑。
Especially in patients with cardiac insufficiency, the body heat can not dissipate and accumulate in time, easy to heat stroke.
糖尿病患者的身体对内外环境温度的变化反应缓慢，热量可能在体内积累，但患者的自觉症状出现较晚，从而导致中暑。
The body of a diabetic responds slowly to changes in the internal and external temperature, and heat may accumulate in the body, but the patient's conscious symptoms appear later, leading to heat stroke.
传染病患者有些传染病患者，因为细菌或病毒感染会使人体产生内源性热原，加速身体发热。
people with infectious diseases some people with infectious diseases, because bacterial or viral infections can cause the body to produce endogenous pyrogen, accelerate the body fever.
炎症也会导致身体释放一些物质，引起血管痉挛和收缩，这更不利于散热，容易中暑。
Inflammation can also cause the body to release substances that cause vasospasm and constriction, which is more harmful to heat dissipation and prone to heatstroke.
营养不良的人缺乏某些营养素会降低血压和反射性血管收缩。
A lack of certain nutrients in malnourished people can lower blood pressure and reflexive vasoconstriction.
当脱水和电解质紊乱是由慢性腹泻引起时，也可诱发中暑。
Heat stroke can also occur when dehydration and electrolyte disturbances are caused by chronic diarrhea.
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