【摘要】 PETS网权威发布公共英语真题：2013年9月公共英语四级英语常识真题及答案，更多公共英语真题相关信息请访问公共英语等级考试网。Section II
PETS网权威发布公共英语真题：2013年9月公共英语四级英语常识真题及答案，更多公共英语真题相关信息请访问公共英语等级考试网。Section II Use of English (15 minutes) 英语常识21、根据材料，回答下列21-40问题。Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that has had a major impact on American culture from the late 19th century to the present.Pragmatism calls 21 ideas and theories to be tested in practice, by 22 whether acting upon the idea or theory produces desirable or undesirable results.The ideas of the pragmatists were considered 23 when they first appeared.To some critics, pragmatism' s 24 to affirm any absolute standards carded negative implications for society. 25 , pragmatists do not believe that a single absolute idea of goodness or justice exists, but 26 that these concepts are changeable and depend on the 27 in which they are being discussed.The 28 of these absolutes, critics feared, could result in a (n) 29 in moral standards.The pragmatists' denial of absolutes, 30 , challenged the foundations of religion, government, and schools of thought. 31 , pragmatism influenced developments in psychology, sociology, and many other schools and movements. 32 political groups have also drawn 33 the assumptions of pragmatism, from the progressive movements of the early 20th century to later experiments in social reform.Pragmatism is best 34 in its historical and cultural context.It arose during the late 19th century, a period of rapid scientific advancement 35 by the theories of British biologist Charles Darwin, whose theories 36 to many thinkers that humanity and society are in a 37 state of progress.During this same period, a decline in 38 religious beliefs and values accompanied the industrialization and material progress of the time.In 39 , it became necessary to rethink 40 ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality.
A．forB．inC．outD．off
22、A．discussingB．predictingC．assessingD．questioning
23、A．reasonableB．credibleC．revolutionaryD．attractive
24、A．effortB．refusalC．intentionD．hesi
